1.设置Pojo为实体
@Entity //标识这个pojo是一个jpa实体 public class Users implements Serializable { }
2.设置表名
@Entity @Table(name = "users") //指定表名为users public class Users implements Serializable { }
3.设置主键
@Id private String userCode;
4. 设置字段类型
通过@Column注解设置,包含的设置如下
.name:字段名
.unique:是否唯一
.nullable:是否可以为空
.inserttable:是否可以插入
.updateable:是否可以更新
.columnDefinition: 定义建表时创建此列的DDL
.secondaryTable: 从表名。如果此列不建在主表上(默认建在主表),该属性定义该列所在从表的名字。
//设置属性userCode对应的字段为user_code,长度为32,非空 @Column(name = "user_code", nullable = false, length=32)private String userCode;
//设置属性wages对应的字段为user_wages,12位数字可保留两位小数,可以为空 @Column(name = "user_wages", nullable = true, precision=12, scale=2)private double wages;
//设置为时间类型 @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE) private Date joinDate;
5.字段排序
在加载数据的时候可以为其指定顺序,使用@OrderBy注解实现
@Table(name = "USERS") public class User { @OrderBy(name = "group_name ASC, name DESC") private List books = new ArrayList(); }
6.主键生成策略
public class Users implements Serializable { @Id //主键自增,注意,这种方式依赖于具体的数据库,如果数据库不支持自增主键,那么这个类型是没法用的 @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "user_id", nullable = false) private int userId;
public class Users implements Serializable { @Id //通过一个表来实现主键id的自增,这种方式不依赖于具体的数据库,可以解决数据迁移的问题 @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.TABLE) @Column(name = "user_code", nullable = false) private String userCode;
public class Users implements Serializable { @Id //通过Sequence来实现表主键自增,这种方式依赖于数据库是否有SEQUENCE,如果没有就不能用 @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE) @SequenceGenerator(name="seq_user") @Column(name = "user_id", nullable = false) private int userId;
7.一对多映射关系
有T_One和T_Many两个表,他们是一对多的关系,注解范例如下
//主Pojo@Entity @Table(name = "T_ONE") public class One implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Id @Column(name = "ONE_ID", nullable = false) private String oneId; @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") private String description; //指向多的那方的pojo的关联外键字段 @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "oneId") private CollectionmanyCollection;
//子Pojo@Entity @Table(name = "T_MANY") public class Many implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Id @Column(name = "MANY_ID", nullable = false) private String manyId; @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") private String description; //设置对应数据表的列名和引用的数据表的列名 @JoinColumn(name = "ONE_ID", referencedColumnName = "ONE_ID")@ManyToOne//设置在“一方”pojo的外键字段上 private One oneId;
8.多对多映射关系
貌似多对多关系不需要设置级联,以前用hibernate的时候着实为多对多的级联头疼了一阵子,JPA的多对多还需要实际的尝试一下才能有所体会。
估计JPA的多对多也是可以转换成两个一对多的。
//第一个Pojo@Entity @Table(name = "T_MANYA") public class ManyA implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Id @Column(name = "MANYA_ID", nullable = false) private String manyaId; @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") private String description; @ManyToMany @JoinTable(name = "TMANY1_TMANY2", joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "MANYA_ID", referenced ColumnName = "MANYA_ID")}, inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "MANYB_ID", referenced ColumnName = "MANYB_ID")}) private CollectionmanybIdCollection;
第二个Pojo@Entity @Table(name = "T_MANYB") public class ManyB implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Id @Column(name = "MANYB_ID", nullable = false) private String manybId; @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") private String description; @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "manybIdCollection") private CollectionmanyaIdCollection;
9.一对一映射关系
//主Pojo@Entity @Table(name = "T_ONEA") public class OneA implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Id @Column(name = "ONEA_ID", nullable = false) private String oneaId; @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") private String description; //主Pojo这方的设置比较简单,只要设置好级联和映射到从Pojo的外键就可以了。 @OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "oneA") private OneB oneB;
//从Pojo@Entity @Table(name = "T_ONEB") public class OneB implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Id @Column(name = "ONEA_ID", nullable = false) private String oneaId; @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") private String description; //设置从方指向主方的关联外键,这个ONEA_ID其实是表T_ONEA的主键 @JoinColumn(name = "ONEA_ID", referencedColumnName = "ONEA_ID", insertable = false, updatable = false) @OneToOne private OneA oneA;
10 大字段
@Lob //对应Blob字段类型 @Column(name = "PHOTO") private Serializable photo; @Lob //对应Clob字段类型 @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") private String description;
11.瞬时字段
不需要与数据库映射的字段,在保存的时候不需要保存倒数据库
@Transient private int tempValue; public int getTempValue(){ get tempValue; } public void setTempValue(int value){ this.tempValue = value; }
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
columnDefinition 默认值 :空 String
insertable 默认值 :true
length 默认值 : 255
nullable 默认值 :true
precision 默认值 : 0
scale 默认值 : 0
unique 默认值 :false
updatable 默认值 :true